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aerocom:indirect [2013-10-01 23:58:49] steve.ghan@pnnl.gov |
aerocom:indirect [2022-05-31 09:29:31] (current) |
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+ | ATTENTION - THIS WIKI PAGE IS NO LONGER UPDATED - PLEASE GO TO [[http:// | ||
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===== Indirect Effect Experiment Remarks ===== | ===== Indirect Effect Experiment Remarks ===== | ||
==== Indirect forcing experiment ===== | ==== Indirect forcing experiment ===== | ||
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+ | Repository: aerocom-users:/ | ||
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+ | == Motivation == | ||
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+ | The proposed study is designed to address two key areas of uncertainty: | ||
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+ | To address issue 1), we’ve added daily and monthly diagnostics that can be compared with CloudSat and MODIS retrievals of the relationship between the aerosol optical depth and the probability of precipitation (Wang et al., 2012). | ||
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+ | To address issue 2), we’ve added experiments in which heterogeneous nucleation is neglected for T%%< | ||
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+ | We also have added a requirement to nudge toward analyzed winds, which we’ve found greatly reduces the noise due to natural variability without significantly inhibiting the cloud response to the aerosol. (Kooperman et al., 2012). Simulations of six years duration each should be sufficient for all experiments. | ||
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+ | To facilitate analysis and comparison before the 2013 AeroCom meeting, the results should be submitted to the AeroCom repository by December 1, 2013. Please contact steve.ghan@pnnl.gov and xiaohong.liu@pnnl.gov when your results have been submitted. | ||
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+ | Cooper, W. A.: Ice initiation in natural clouds. precipitation enhancement – a scientific challenge, Meteor. Mon., 43, 29–32, 1986. | ||
+ | |||
+ | Kooperman, G. J., M. S. Pritchard, S. J. Ghan, R. C. J. Sommerville, | ||
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+ | Wang, M., S. Ghan, X. Liu, T. L’Ecuyer, K. Zhang, H. Morrison, M. Ovchinnikov, | ||
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< | < | ||
< | < | ||
- | < | + | < |
< | < | ||
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(1) 2D diagnostics for evaluation with satellite data | (1) 2D diagnostics for evaluation with satellite data | ||
- | 5 years (years 2006-2010) of 3-hourly data from the PD run | + | 5 years (years 2006-2010) of 3-hourly |
====== | ====== | ||
^ name ^ long_name (CF if possible) ^ units ^ description ^ | ^ name ^ long_name (CF if possible) ^ units ^ description ^ | ||
- | | od550aer | + | | od550aer |
- | | angstrm | AOD_Angstrom_exponent | 1 | | | + | | angstrm | AOD_Angstrom_exponent | 1 | | |
- | | aerindex |aerosol_index | + | | aerindex |aerosol_index |
- | | cdr | liquid_cloud-top_droplet_effective_radius | m | Grid cell mean droplet effective radius at top of liquid water clouds | | + | | cdr | liquid_cloud-top_droplet_effective_radius | m | Grid cell mean droplet effective radius at top of liquid water clouds | |
- | | cdnc | liquid_cloud_droplet_number_concentration | m-3 | Grid cell mean droplet number concentration in top layer of liquid water clouds | | + | | cdnc | liquid_cloud_droplet_number_concentration | m-3 | Grid cell mean droplet number concentration in top layer of liquid water clouds | |
- | | cdnum | column_cloud_droplet_number_concentration | + | | cdnum | column_cloud_droplet_number_concentration |
- | | icnum | column_ice_crystal_number_concentration | + | | icnum | column_ice_crystal_number_concentration |
- | | clt | cloud_area_fraction | 1 | Fractional cover by all clouds | | + | | clt | cloud_area_fraction | 1 | Fractional cover by all clouds | |
- | | lcc | liquid_cloud_area_fraction | + | | lcc | liquid_cloud_area_fraction |
- | | lwp | atmosphere_cloud_ice_content | + | | lwp | atmosphere_cloud_liquid_path |
- | | iwp | atmosphere_cloud_ice_content | + | | iwp | atmosphere_cloud_ice_path |
- | | icr | cloud-top_ice_crystal_effective_radius | m | grid cell mean effective radius of crystals at top of ice clouds | | + | | icr | cloud-top_ice_crystal_effective_radius | m | grid cell mean effective radius of crystals at top of ice clouds | |
- | | icc | ice_cloud_area_fraction | 1 | Fractional cover by ice clouds | | + | | icc | ice_cloud_area_fraction | 1 | Fractional cover by ice clouds | |
- | | cod | cloud_optical_depth | 1 | Grid cell mean cloud optical depth | | + | | cod | cloud_optical_depth | 1 | Grid cell mean cloud optical depth | |
- | | codliq | cloud_optical_depth_due_to_liquid | 1 | Grid cell mean cloud optical depth | | + | | codliq | cloud_optical_depth_due_to_liquid | 1 | Grid cell mean cloud optical depth | |
- | | codice | cloud_optical_depth_due_to_ice | 1 | Grid cell mean cloud optical depth | | + | | codice | cloud_optical_depth_due_to_ice | 1 | Grid cell mean cloud optical depth | |
- | | ccn0.1bl | cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.1_pbl | m-3 | grid-cell mean CCN number concentration at S=0.1% at 1 km above the surface, regardless of cloud | | + | | ccn0.1bl | cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.1_pbl | m-3 | CCN number concentration at S=0.1% at 1 km above the surface | |
- | | ccn0.3bl | cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.3_pbl | m-3 | grid-cell mean CCN number concentration at S=0.3% at 1 km above the surface, regardless of cloud | | + | | ccn0.3bl | cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.3_pbl | m-3 | CCN number concentration at S=0.3% at 1 km above the surface | |
- | | colccn.1 | column_cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.1 | m-2 | grid-cell mean column-integrated CCN number concentration at S=0.1% | + | | colccn.1 | column_cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.1 | m-2 | column-integrated CCN number concentration at S=0.1% |
- | | colccn.3 | column_cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.3 | m-2 | grid-cell mean column-integrated CCN number concentration at S=0.3% | + | | colccn.3 | column_cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.3 | m-2 | column-integrated CCN number concentration at S=0.3% |
- | | rsut | toa_upward_shortwave_flux | W m-2 | TOA upward SW flux, all-sky | | + | | rsut | toa_upward_shortwave_flux | W m-2 | TOA upward SW flux, all-sky | |
- | | rsutcs | toa_upward_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky | W m-2 | TOA upward SW flux, clear-sky | | + | | rsutcs | toa_upward_shortwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky | W m-2 | TOA upward SW flux, clear-sky | |
- | | rsutnoa | toa_upward_shortwave_flux_no_aerosol | W m-2 | TOA upward SW flux, all-sky, aerosol removed from calculation | | + | | rsutnoa | toa_upward_shortwave_flux_no_aerosol | W m-2 | TOA upward SW flux, all-sky, aerosol removed from calculation | |
- | | rsutcsnoa | toa_upward_shortwave_flux_clear_sky_no_aerosol |W m-2 | TOA upward SW flux, clear-sky, aerosol removed from calculation | | + | | rsutcsnoa | toa_upward_shortwave_flux_clear_sky_no_aerosol |W m-2 | TOA upward SW flux, clear-sky, aerosol removed from calculation | |
- | | rlut | toa_upward_longwave_flux | W m-2 | TOA upward LW flux, all-sky | | + | | rlut | toa_upward_longwave_flux | W m-2 | TOA upward LW flux, all-sky | |
- | | rlutcs | toa_upward_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky | W m-2 | TOA upward LW flux, clear-sky | | + | | rlutcs | toa_upward_longwave_flux_assuming_clear_sky | W m-2 | TOA upward LW flux, clear-sky | |
- | | hfls | surface_upward_latent_heat_flux | W m-2 | Surface latent heat flux | | + | | hfls | surface_upward_latent_heat_flux | W m-2 | Surface latent heat flux | |
- | | hfss | surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux | + | | hfss | surface_upward_sensible_heat_flux |
- | | rls | surface_net_downward_longwave_flux_in_air | W m-2 | Net surface LW downward flux | | + | | rls | surface_net_downward_longwave_flux_in_air | W m-2 | Net surface LW downward flux | |
- | | rss | surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux | W m-2 | Net surface SW downward flux | | + | | rss | surface_net_downward_shortwave_flux | W m-2 | Net surface SW downward flux | |
- | | rsds | surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air | W m-2 | Surface SW downward flux (in order to estimate the model' | + | | rsds | surface_downwelling_shortwave_flux_in_air | W m-2 | Surface SW downward flux (to estimate the model' |
- | | ttop | air_temperature_at_cloud_top | K | Temperature at top of clouds, weighted by cloud cover | | + | | ttop | air_temperature_at_cloud_top | K | Temperature at top of clouds, weighted by cloud cover | |
- | | lts | lower_tropospheric_stability | K | Difference in potential temperature between 700 hPa and 1000 hPa | | + | | lts | lower_tropospheric_stability | K | Difference in potential temperature between 700 hPa and 1000 hPa | |
- | | w500 | vertical_velocity_dpdt_at_500_hPa | hPa s-1 | | | + | | w500 | vertical_velocity_dpdt_at_500_hPa | hPa s-1 | | |
- | | sprecip | stratiform_precipitation_rate |kg m-2 s-1 | grid cell mean at surface | | + | | sprecip | stratiform_precipitation_rate | kg m-2 s-1 | grid cell mean at surface | |
- | | autoconv | column_autoconversion_rate | kg m-2 s-1 | grid cell mean column total | | + | | autoconv | column_autoconversion_rate | kg m-2 s-1 | grid cell mean column total | |
- | | accretn | column_accretion_rate | kg m-2 s-1 | grid cell mean column total | | + | | accretn | column_accretion_rate | kg m-2 s-1 | grid cell mean column total | |
===== | ===== | ||
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^ name ^ long_name (CF if possible) ^ units ^ description ^ | ^ name ^ long_name (CF if possible) ^ units ^ description ^ | ||
- | | t | temperature | K | each layer | | + | | t | temperature | K | each layer | |
- | | hus | specific_humidity | kg/kg | each layer | | + | | hus | specific_humidity | kg/kg | each layer | |
- | | z | altitude | + | | z | altitude |
- | | airmass | atmosphere_mass_content_of_air | + | | airmass | atmosphere_mass_content_of_air |
- | | ccn0.1 | cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.1 | m-3 | | + | | ccn0.1 | cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.1 | m-3 | each layer (S=0.1%) | |
- | | ccn0.3 | cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.3 | m-3 | | + | | ccn0.3 | cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.3 | m-3 | each layer (S=0.3%) | |
- | | nc | liquid_cloud_droplet_number_concentration | m-3 | grid cell mean each layer | | + | | nc | liquid_cloud_droplet_number_concentration | m-3 | grid cell mean each layer | |
- | | lwc| cloud_liquid_water_content | kg m-3 | grid cell mean each layer | | + | | lwc| cloud_liquid_water_content | kg m-3 | grid cell mean each layer | |
- | | rel | droplet_effective_radius | + | | rel | droplet_effective_radius |
- | | lccl | liquid_cloud_fraction | 1 | Fractional cover by liquid water clouds each layer | | + | | lccl | liquid_cloud_fraction | 1 | Fractional cover by liquid water clouds each layer | |
- | | wsubc | subgrid_vertical_velocity_for_stratiform | + | | wsubc | subgrid_vertical_velocity_for_stratiform | m s-1 | |
- | | autocl | + | | autocl |
- | | accretl | + | | accretl |
- | | ni | ice_cloud_crystal_number_concentration | m-3 | grid cell mean each layer | | + | | ni | ice_cloud_crystal_number_concentration | m-3 | grid cell mean each layer | |
- | | iwc | cloud_ice_water_content | kg m-3 | grid cell mean each layer | | + | | iwc | cloud_ice_water_content | kg m-3 | grid cell mean each layer | |
- | | rei | Ice_effective_radius | m | grid cell mean each layer | | + | | rei | Ice_effective_radius | m | grid cell mean each layer | |
- | | iccl | ice_cloud_fraction | 1 | Fractional cover by ice water clouds each layer | | + | | iccl | ice_cloud_fraction | 1 | Fractional cover by ice water clouds each layer | |
- | | sati | ice_supersaturation | 1 | Supersaturation with respect to ice | | + | | sati | ice_supersaturation | 1 | Supersaturation with respect to ice | |
- | | wsubi | subgrid_vertical_velocity_for_cirrus | m s-1 | | + | | wsubi | subgrid_vertical_velocity_for_cirrus | m s-1 | |
- | | cirrus_nso4 | + | | mmrdu | mass_fraction_of_dust_dry_aerosol_in_air | kg/kg | each layer | |
- | | cirrus_ndust | + | | mmrbc | mass_fraction_of_black_carbon_dry_aerosol_in_air | kg/kg |each layer | |
- | | cirrus_nbc | + | | mmrso4 | mass_fraction_of_sulfate_dry_aerosol_in_air | kg/kg | each layer | |
- | | cirrus_nihom | + | | cirrus_nso4 |
- | | cirrus_nihet | + | | cirrus_ndust |
- | | cirrus_freqhom | homogeneous_nucleation_frequency | 1 | frequency counter of homogeneous aerosol freezing for T<-37C. For each time step, freqhom = 1 if homogeneous ice nucleation happens; otherwise freqhom = 0. Monthly average of this value indicates the homogeneous nucleation frequency. | | + | | cirrus_nbc |
- | | cirrus_freqhet | + | | cirrus_nihom |
- | | mp_hetnuc | + | | cirrus_nihet |
- | | mp_homnuc | + | | cirrus_freqhom | homogeneous_nucleation_frequency | 1 | frequency counter of homogeneous aerosol freezing for T%%<%%-37C. For each time step, freqhom = 1 if homogeneous ice nucleation happens; otherwise freqhom = 0. Monthly average of this value indicates the homogeneous nucleation frequency. | |
+ | | cirrus_freqhet | ||
+ | | mp_hetnuc | ||
+ | | mp_homnuc | ||
===== | ===== | ||
- | (4) Optional CFMIP COSP diagnostics. Highly desirable | + | (4) Optional CFMIP COSP diagnostics. Highly desirable for models with COSP \\ |
- | 3-hr snapshots and daily means for January-March 2008 PD simulation only. | + | 3-hr snapshots and daily means for January-March 2008 PD simulation only.\\ |
+ | (a) 2D | ||
^ name ^ long_name (CF if possible) ^ units ^ description ^ comment ^ notes ^ | ^ name ^ long_name (CF if possible) ^ units ^ description ^ comment ^ notes ^ | ||
- | | t | temperature | K | each layer | | + | | clwmodis |
- | | z | altitude | + | | reffclwmodis |
- | | pressure | atmospheric_pressure | + | | climodis |
- | | airmass | atmosphere_mass_content_of_air | + | | reffclimodis |
- | | ccn0.1 | cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.1 | m-3 | grid cell mean each layer (S=0.1%) | | + | | tauwmodis |
- | | ccn0.3 | cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.3 | m-3 | grid cell mean each layer (S=0.3%) | | + | | tauimodis |
- | | nc | liquid_cloud_droplet_number_concentration | m-3 | grid cell mean each layer | | + | |
- | | lwc| cloud_liquid_water_content | kg m-3 | grid cell mean each layer | | + | |
- | | rel | droplet_effective_radius | + | |
- | | lccl | liquid_cloud_fraction | 1 | Fractional | + | |
- | | ni | ice_cloud_crystal_number_concentration | m-3 | grid cell mean each layer | | + | |
- | | iwc | cloud_ice_water_content | kg m-3 | grid cell mean each layer | | + | |
- | | rei | Ice_effective_radius | m | grid cell mean each layer | | + | |
- | | iccl | + | |
- | | dbze94 | + | |
- | | fracout | + | |
- | | clcalipso | cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer | % | CALIPSO Cloud Area Fraction | + | |
- | | clcalipso2 | + | |
- | | cfadDbze94 | histogram_of_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_over_height_above_reference_ellipsoid | + | |
- | | cfadLidarsr532 | + | |
| parasolRefl | toa_bidirectional_reflectance | 1 | PARASOL Reflectance | Simulated reflectance from PARASOL as seen at the top of the atmosphere for 5 solar zenith angles. Valid only over ocean and for one viewing direction (viewing zenith angle of 30 degrees and relative azimuth angle 320 degrees). | | | | parasolRefl | toa_bidirectional_reflectance | 1 | PARASOL Reflectance | Simulated reflectance from PARASOL as seen at the top of the atmosphere for 5 solar zenith angles. Valid only over ocean and for one viewing direction (viewing zenith angle of 30 degrees and relative azimuth angle 320 degrees). | | | ||
| cltcalipso | cloud_area_fraction | % | CALIPSO Total Cloud Fraction | | cltcalipso | cloud_area_fraction | % | CALIPSO Total Cloud Fraction | ||
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| clhcalipso | cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer | % | CALIPSO High Level Cloud Fraction | | clhcalipso | cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer | % | CALIPSO High Level Cloud Fraction | ||
+ | |||
+ | ===== | ||
+ | |||
+ | (b) 3D | ||
+ | |||
+ | ^ name ^ long_name (CF if possible) ^ units ^ description ^ comment ^ notes ^ | ||
+ | | t | temperature | K | each layer | | ||
+ | | z | altitude | ||
+ | | pressure | atmospheric_pressure | ||
+ | | airmass | atmosphere_mass_content_of_air | ||
+ | | ccn0.1 | cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.1 | m-3 | each layer (S=0.1%) | | ||
+ | | ccn0.3 | cloud_condensation_nuclei_0.3 | m-3 | each layer (S=0.3%) | | ||
+ | | nc | liquid_cloud_droplet_number_concentration | m-3 | grid cell mean each layer | | ||
+ | | lwc| cloud_liquid_water_content | kg m-3 | grid cell mean each layer stratiform cld only| | | ||
+ | | rel | droplet_effective_radius | m | grid cell mean each layer stratiform cld only | | | ||
+ | | lccl | layer_liquid_cloud_fraction | 1 | Fractional cover by liquid water stratiform clouds each layer | | ||
+ | | ni | ice_cloud_crystal_number_concentration | m-3 | grid cell mean each layer | | ||
+ | | iwc | cloud_ice_water_content | kg m-3 | grid cell mean each layer stratiform cld only| | ||
+ | | rei | ice_effective_radius | m | grid cell mean each layer stratiform cld only | | | | ||
+ | | iccl | layer_ice_cloud_fraction | ||
+ | | dbze94 | ||
+ | | fracout | fracout_cloud_flag_subcolumn | 1 | subcolumn cloud flag each model layer in 100 subcolumns 0 clear, 1 strat 2 conv | | ||
+ | | clcalipso | cloud_area_fraction_in_atmosphere_layer | % | CALIPSO Cloud Area Fraction | | at 40 height levels | | ||
+ | | clcalipso2 | ||
+ | | cfadDbze94 | histogram_of_equivalent_reflectivity_factor_over_height_above_reference_ellipsoid | 1 | CloudSat Radar Reflectivity CFAD | CFADs (Cloud Frequency Altitude Diagrams) are joint height - radar reflectivity | ||
+ | | cfadLidarsr532 | histogram_of_backscattering_ratio_over_height_above_reference_ellipsoid | 1 | CALIPSO Scattering Ratio CFAD | CFADs (Cloud Frequency Altitude Diagrams) are joint height - lidar scattering ratio distributions. | 40 levels x 15 bins | | ||
===== | ===== | ||
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The idea is to use the cloud overlap assumption (maximum, random, or maximum-random) to estimate which part of the cloud in a \\ layer can be seen from above. | The idea is to use the cloud overlap assumption (maximum, random, or maximum-random) to estimate which part of the cloud in a \\ layer can be seen from above. | ||
- | Note: For the CCN, whether to sample it in the same way as CDNC, or use a similar | + | Note: For the CCN, whether to sample it in the same way as CDNC, or use a similar |
to sample it at cloud base depends on your parameterization of the activation. | to sample it at cloud base depends on your parameterization of the activation. | ||
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f3d(nx,nz) cloud fraction | f3d(nx,nz) cloud fraction | ||
t3d(nx,nz) temperature | t3d(nx,nz) temperature | ||
- | phase3d(nx, | + | phase3d(nx, |
- | cdr3d(nx, | + | |
- | icr3d(nx, | + | phase3d could be from fice3d/f3d where fice3d=ice+mixed phase cloud fraction |
- | cdnc3d(nx, | + | cdr3d(nx, |
+ | icr3d(nx, | ||
+ | cdnc3d(nx, | ||
thres_cld = 0.001 \\ | thres_cld = 0.001 \\ | ||
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==== Q/A ==== | ==== Q/A ==== | ||
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