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--- diana:windows:building:environment [2009-11-12 12:45:50]
dages glib and pkg-config
+++ diana:windows:building:environment [2022-05-31 09:29:31] (current)
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Setting up the build environment on Windows ======
-Assuming Windows XP 32.
+Assuming Windows XP 32.  We will use MinGW to build the libraries and application and MSYS as a working environment.
+The distinction between MinGW and MSYS is very important: MinGW is a set of compilers and libraries you use to build Windows applications, while MSYS is an emulated GNU environment similar to (and, in fact, based on) Cygwin.  You can //not// use MSYS libraries in your Windows application.  This means that you will sometimes have two copies of a particular library: an MSYS version used by MSYS tools, and a native version built with MinGW and used by MinGW tools and / or your application.
+===== Directories =====
+We will install MinGW into ''C:\MinGW'' and MSYS into ''C:\MSYS''.
+MSYS maps Unix-like paths to Windows paths: ''/'' translates to ''C:\MSYS'' and ''/mingw'' translates to ''C:\MinGW''.  In addition, all Windows drives will show up as ''/x'', where ''x'' corresponds to the drive letter, so ''/c/windows'' translates to ''C:\windows'', etc.
+We will install our libraries and applications into ''C:\met.no''.  You should start by creating that directory and the required subdirectories:
+  C:\> mkdir met.no
+  C:\> mkdir met.no\bin
+  C:\> mkdir met.no\include
+  C:\> mkdir met.no\lib
+  C:\> mkdir met.no\share
+  C:\> mkdir met.no\copyright
 ===== Subversion =====
@@ Line 7: / Line 24: @@
 Doesn't really matter which one.  Certified binaries of The Real McCoy are available at http://www.collab.net/downloads/subversion/ (command-line only) if you have an account (or are willing to register).  There are other (non-certified) sources such as SlikSVN (http://www.sliksvn.com/en/download, command-line only) and TortoiseSVN (http://tortoisesvn.net/downloads, with Windows Explorer integration, which is really neat).
-===== MSYS =====
+===== MinGW =====
-Download the MSYS Base System installer from http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20Base%20System/msys-1.0.11/MSYS-1.0.11.exe and run it.  If it asks, tell it you don't have MinGW installed.
+Download and the latest automated installer from http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Automated%20MinGW%20Installer/ and run it.  Ask for the //current// version (not //previous// or //candidate//).  Select these components //and these components only//: base tools, g++ compiler, g77 compiler.
-Now that MSYS is installed, you can start the "MSYS (rxvt)" shortcut it installed, and it'll be almost like you were home on the Unix farm.
+As of 2009-11-20, the current MinGW version is 5.1.6, which includes GCC 3.4.5.
-===== MinGW =====
+//tip: move the installer into an empty directory before starting it; it will download all the MinGW distribution files into that directory.//
-As of November 2009, the automated installer is useless; it installs gcc 3 instead of 4.  You'll have to install MinGW manually using MSYS.
+At this point, you may want to download bsdtar from http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MinGW%20Utilities/basic%20bsdtar/bsdtar-2.7.900a_r1628-20091110/ and install ''bsdtar.exe'' as ''/mingw/bin/tar''.  It supports a wider range of archive formats and compression algorithms than GNU tar, and automatically detects which one to use.
-The following command will create and mount a directory for MinGW:
+You may want to install InfoZip's ''zip'' utility as well, since ''bsdtar'' can //extract// zip files but not //create// them: download the source code from http://sourceforge.net/projects/infozip/files/, extract it, and run the following commands in the source directory:
-  mount C:/MinGW /mingw
+  $ make -f win32/makefile.gcc
+  $ cp zip.exe /mingw/bin
-Next, download the packages you will need.
+===== MSYS =====
+Download the MSYS installer from
+http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MSYS%20Base%20System/ and run it (you will need administrator privileges).  Accept the default answer to all questions.
-  * GCC: http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/GCC%20Version%204/Current%20Release_%20gcc-4.4.0/gcc-full-4.4.0-mingw32-bin-2.tar.lzma
+As of 2009-11-20, the latest MSYS version is 1.0.11.
-  * BinUtils: http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/GNU%20Binutils/binutils-2.20/binutils-2.20-1-mingw32-bin.tar.gz
-  * MinGW API: http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MinGW%20API%20for%20MS-Windows/Current%20Release_%20w32api-3.13/w32api-3.13-mingw32-dev.tar.gz
-  * MinGW Runtime: http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MinGW%20Runtime/mingwrt-3.16/mingwrt-3.16-mingw32-dev.tar.gz and http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MinGW%20Runtime/mingwrt-3.16/mingwrt-3.16-mingw32-dll.tar.gz
-Then extract everything:
+===== Testing the toolchain =====
-  $ for f in *tar.gz ; do tar zxvf $f -C /mingw ; done
-  $ for f in *tar.lzma ; do tar --lzma -xvf $f -C /mingw ; done
 Let's see if our C compiler works:
@@ Line 38: / Line 52: @@
   $ which gcc
   /mingw/bin/gcc.exe
+  $ gcc --version
+  gcc.exe (GCC) 3.4.5 (mingw-vista special r3)
+  Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
+  warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
   $ cat >hello.c
   #include <stdio.h>
@@ Line 50: / Line 69: @@
   $ which g++
   /mingw/bin/g++.exe
+  $ g++ --version
+  g++.exe (GCC) 3.4.5 (mingw-vista special r3)
+  Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
+  warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
   $ cat >hello.cc
   #include <iostream>
@@ Line 58: / Line 82: @@
   Hello, C++ world!
-And Fortran 90:
+And Fortran 77:
-  $ which gfortran
+  $ which g77
-  /mingw/bin/gfortran.exe
+  /mingw/bin/g77.exe
-  $ cat >hello.f90
+  $ g77 --version
-  PROGRAM HelloWorld
+  GNU Fortran (GCC) 3.4.5 (mingw-vista special r3)
-      PRINT *, "Hello, Fortran world!"
+  Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
-  END PROGRAM HelloWorld
+  GNU Fortran comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
+  You may redistribute copies of GNU Fortran
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+  For more information about these matters, see the file named COPYING
+  or type the command `info -f g77 Copying'.
+  $ cat >hello.f
+        PROGRAM HELLOW
+        WRITE(UNIT=*, FMT=*) 'Hello, Fortran world!'
+        END
   ^D
-  $ gfortran -o hello hello.f90
+  $ g77 -o hello hello.f
   $ ./hello.exe
    Hello, Fortran world!
-===== Perl =====
+===== lex & yacc =====
-The GNU Autotools, which we will install next, require Perl.  Download http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20perl/perl-5.6.1_2-1/perl-5.6.1_2-1-msys-1.0.11-bin.tar.lzma and install it:
-  $ tar --lzma -xvf perl-5.6.1_2-1-msys-1.0.11-bin.tar.lzma -C /
-===== GNU Autotools =====
-==== Download ====
-=== Autoconf ===
-http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MinGW%20autoconf/autoconf2.5/autoconf2.5-2.64-1/autoconf2.5-2.64-1-mingw32-bin.tar.lzma
-and
-http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MinGW%20autoconf/wrapper/autoconf-7-1/autoconf-7-1-mingw32-bin.tar.lzma
-=== Automake ===
-http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MinGW%20automake/automake1.11/automake1.11-1.11-1/automake1.11-1.11-1-mingw32-bin.tar.lzma
-and
-http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MinGW%20automake/wrapper/automake-4-1/automake-4-1-mingw32-bin.tar.lzma
-=== Libtool ===
-http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MinGW%20libtool/libtool-2.2.7a-1/libtool-2.2.7a-1-mingw32-bin.tar.lzma
-You do //not// need any of the ''libltdl'' tarballs.
-==== Install ====
-  $ for f in *tar.gz ; do tar zxvf $f -C /mingw ; done
-  $ for f in *tar.lzma ; do tar --lzma -xvf $f -C /mingw ; done
-===== pkg-config =====
-There are no MinGW or MSYS binaries for pkg-config, and building it from source is non-trivial due to a circular dependency on glib (you need pkg-config to build glib).  However, the Gnome project distribute Windows binaries of both glib and pkg-config, which you can download from http://www.gtk.org/download-windows.html.  They come in zip files, so you can just double-click them in Windows Explorer and copy the contents to your MSYS root (''C:\MSYS'').
-===== Boost jam =====
-This utility is used to [[boost|compile the Boost libraries]].  We're going to build it from source, so this is our baptism of MinGW fire...
-Get the source tarball from http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/boost/boost-jam/3.1.17/boost-jam-3.1.17.tgz; once you have it, it's a simple matter of running the build script (which will automatically detect MinGW) and installing the resulting executable:
-  $ tar zxf boost-jam-3.1.17.tgz
+Or rather, in our brave GNU world, flex and bison.  There is a problem here: you can't use the MSYS versions, because they're not just build tools&mdash;bison includes a runtime library (''liby'').  Hence we need native versions of both tools.  We can get those from [[http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32|GnuWin32]].
-  $ cd boost-jam-3.1.17
-  $ sh ./build.sh
-  $ mkdir -p /usr/local/bin
-  $ cp bin.ntx86/bjam.exe /usr/local/bin
-  $ which bjam
-  /usr/local/bin/bjam.exe
-  $ bjam -v
-  Boost.Jam  Version 3.1.17. OS=NT.
-     Copyright 1993-2002 Christopher Seiwald and Perforce Software, Inc.
-     Copyright 2001 David Turner.
-     Copyright 2001-2004 David Abrahams.
-     Copyright 2002-2008 Rene Rivera.
-     Copyright 2003-2008 Vladimir Prus.
-It's alive!
+Download the following files from http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32/files/:
-===== Additional Unix utilities =====
+  * the ''bin'', ''lib'' and ''dep'' zipfiles for the latest bison release (the ''dep'' zipfile contains a few libraries that bison needs, so you won't have to install them separately)
+  * the ''bin'' and ''lib'' zipfiles for the latest flex release
-You may want to install other programs, such as:
+For some unfathomable reason, both the flex and bison ''lib'' zipfiles contain incorrect copies of ''<unistd.h>''.  Either make a backup copy of ''/MinGW/include/unistd.h'' before you unpack them, or tell ''unzip'' (or ''bsdtar'') not to overwrite existing files:
-  * OpenSSL (http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20openssl/openssl-0.9.8k-1/libopenssl-0.9.8k-1-msys-1.0.11-dll-098.tar.lzma and http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20openssl/openssl-0.9.8k-1/openssl-0.9.8k-1-msys-1.0.11-bin.tar.lzma)
+  $ tar -kxf bison-2.4.1-lib.zip -C /MinGW
-  * libbz2 (http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MinGW%20bzip2/release%201.0.5-2/libbz2-1.0.5-2-mingw32-dll-2.tar.gz) and bzip2 (http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MinGW%20bzip2/release%201.0.5-2/bzip2-1.0.5-2-mingw32-bin.tar.gz)
-  * libz (http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MinGW%20zlib/zlib-1.2.3-1-mingw32/libz-1.2.3-1-mingw32-dll-1.tar.gz and http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20zlib/zlib-1.2.3-1/zlib-1.2.3-1-msys-1.0.11-dll.tar.gz) and gzip (http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20gzip/gzip-1.3.12-1/gzip-1.3.12-1-msys-1.0.11-bin.tar.lzma)
-  * liblzma (http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20xz/xz-4.999.9beta-1/liblzma-4.999.9beta-1-msys-1.0.11-dll-1.tar.gz) and xz (http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20xz/xz-4.999.9beta-1/xz-4.999.9beta-1-msys-1.0.11-bin.tar.gz)
-  * libarchive (http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20libarchive/libarchive-2.7.1-1/libarchive-2.7.1-1-msys-1.0.11-dll-2.tar.lzma) and bsdtar (http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20libarchive/libarchive-2.7.1-1/bsdtar-2.7.1-1-msys-1.0.11-bin.tar.lzma)
-  * vim (http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20vim/vim-7.2-1/vim-7.2-1-msys-1.0.11-bin.tar.lzma)
-  * GNU coreutils (http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20coreutils/coreutils-5.97-2/coreutils-5.97-2-msys-1.0.11-bin.tar.lzma and http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20coreutils/coreutils-5.97-2/coreutils-5.97-2-msys-1.0.11-ext.tar.lzma)
-  * minires (http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20minires/minires-1.02_1-1/libminires-1.02_1-1-msys-1.0.11-dll.tar.lzma and http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20minires/minires-1.02_1-1/minires-1.02_1-1-msys-1.0.11-bin.tar.lzma)
-  * OpenSSH (http://downloads.sourceforge.net/project/mingw/MSYS%20openssh/openssh-4.7p1-2/openssh-4.7p1-2-msys-1.0.11-bin.tar.lzma)
-Note that you should install ''*-mingw32-*'' in ''/mingw'' and ''*-msys-*'' in ''/'':
-  $ for f in *-mingw32-*tar.lzma ; do tar --lzma -xvf $f -C /mingw ; done
+This will install a shell script called ''/MinGW/bin/yacc'' which incorrectly redirects to ''c:/progra~1/bison/bin/bison''.  Edit it so the entire script looks like this:
-  $ for f in *-msys-*tar.lzma ; do tar --lzma -xvf $f -C / ; done
-Some tarballs are compressed with ''xz'' (''*.lzma''), some with ''bzip2'' (''*.bz2''), some with ''gzip'' (''*.gz'').  Take care to use the correct tar options (''--lzma'', ''--bzip2'' or ''--gzip'') according to file type.  However, once you've installed OpenSSL, all the compression libraries, libarchive and bsdtar, you can use bsdtar instead of GNU tar; bsdtar automatically detects the file type, so regardless of compression algorithm, you can just use ''bsdtar xvf <tarball> -C <destdir>''.
+  #! /bin/sh
+  exec /mingw/bin/bison -y "$@"
 ===== WiX =====