diana:windows:building:environment

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diana:windows:building:environment [2009-11-09 16:34:25]
dages 		diana:windows:building:environment [2022-05-31 09:29:31] (current)
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 ====== Setting up the build environment on Windows ====== ====== Setting up the build environment on Windows ======
  
-Assuming Windows XP 32.+Assuming Windows XP 32.  We will use MinGW to build the libraries and application and MSYS as a working environment. 
 + 
 +The distinction between MinGW and MSYS is very important: MinGW is a set of compilers and libraries you use to build Windows applications, while MSYS is an emulated GNU environment similar to (and, in fact, based on) Cygwin.  You can //not// use MSYS libraries in your Windows application.  This means that you will sometimes have two copies of a particular library: an MSYS version used by MSYS tools, and a native version built with MinGW and used by MinGW tools and / or your application. 
 + 
 +===== Directories ===== 
 + 
 +We will install MinGW into ''C:\MinGW'' and MSYS into ''C:\MSYS''. 
 + 
 +MSYS maps Unix-like paths to Windows paths: ''/'' translates to ''C:\MSYS'' and ''/mingw'' translates to ''C:\MinGW''.  In addition, all Windows drives will show up as ''/x'', where ''x'' corresponds to the drive letter, so ''/c/windows'' translates to ''C:\windows'', etc. 
 + 
 +We will install our libraries and applications into ''C:\met.no''.  You should start by creating that directory and the required subdirectories: 
 + 
 +  C:\> mkdir met.no 
 +  C:\> mkdir met.no\bin 
 +  C:\> mkdir met.no\include 
 +  C:\> mkdir met.no\lib 
 +  C:\> mkdir met.no\share 
 +  C:\> mkdir met.no\copyright
  
 ===== Subversion ===== ===== Subversion =====
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 Doesn't really matter which one.  Certified binaries of The Real McCoy are available at http://www.collab.net/downloads/subversion/ (command-line only) if you have an account (or are willing to register).  There are other (non-certified) sources such as SlikSVN (http://www.sliksvn.com/en/download, command-line only) and TortoiseSVN (http://tortoisesvn.net/downloads, with Windows Explorer integration, which is really neat). Doesn't really matter which one.  Certified binaries of The Real McCoy are available at http://www.collab.net/downloads/subversion/ (command-line only) if you have an account (or are willing to register).  There are other (non-certified) sources such as SlikSVN (http://www.sliksvn.com/en/download, command-line only) and TortoiseSVN (http://tortoisesvn.net/downloads, with Windows Explorer integration, which is really neat).
  
-===== MSYS =====+===== MinGW =====
  
-Download the latest version of the MSYS Base System from http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MSYS%20Base%20System/ and run it.  If it asks, tell it you don't have MinGW installed.+Download and the latest automated installer from http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Automated%20MinGW%20Installer/ and run it.  Ask for the //current// version (not //previous// or //candidate//).  Select these components //and these components only//: base tools, g++ compiler, g77 compiler.
  
-Now that MSYS is installed, you can start the "MSYS (rxvt)" shortcut it installed, and it'll be almost like you were home on the Unix farm.+As of 2009-11-20, the current MinGW version is 5.1.6, which includes GCC 3.4.5.
  
-===== MinGW =====+//tip: move the installer into an empty directory before starting it; it will download all the MinGW distribution files into that directory.//
  
-As of November 2009, the automated installer is useless; it installs gcc 3 instead of 4.  You'll have to install MinGW manually using MSYS.+At this point, you may want to download bsdtar from http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MinGW%20Utilities/basic%20bsdtar/bsdtar-2.7.900a_r1628-20091110/ and install ''bsdtar.exe'' as ''/mingw/bin/tar''.  It supports a wider range of archive formats and compression algorithms than GNU tar, and automatically detects which one to use.
  
-The following command will create and mount a directory for MinGW:+You may want to install InfoZip's ''zip'' utility as well, since ''bsdtar'' can //extract// zip files but not //create// them: download the source code from http://sourceforge.net/projects/infozip/files/, extract it, and run the following commands in the source directory:
  
-  mount C:/MinGW /mingw+  $ make -f win32/makefile.gcc 
 +  $ cp zip.exe /mingw/bin
  
-Next, download the packages you will need.+===== MSYS =====
  
-  * GCC: http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/GCC%20Version%204/Current%20Release_%20gcc-4.4.0/gcc-full-4.4.0-mingw32-bin-2.tar.lzma +Download the MSYS installer from 
-  * BinUtils: http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/GNU%20Binutils/binutils-2.20/binutils-2.20-1-mingw32-bin.tar.gz +http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MSYS%20Base%20System/ and run it (you will need administrator privileges).  Accept the default answer to all questions.
-  * MinGW API: http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MinGW%20API%20for%20MS-Windows/Current%20Release_%20w32api-3.13/w32api-3.13-mingw32-dev.tar.gz +
-  * MinGW Runtime: http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MinGW%20Runtime/mingwrt-3.16/mingwrt-3.16-mingw32-dev.tar.gz and http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MinGW%20Runtime/mingwrt-3.16/mingwrt-3.16-mingw32-dll.tar.gz+
  
-Then extract everything:+As of 2009-11-20, the latest MSYS version is 1.0.11.
  
-  $ for f in *tar.gz ; do tar zxvf $f -C /mingw ; done +===== Testing the toolchain =====
-  $ for f in *tar.lzma ; do tar --lzma -xvf $f -C /mingw ; done+
  
 Let's see if our C compiler works: Let's see if our C compiler works:
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   $ which gcc   $ which gcc
   /mingw/bin/gcc.exe   /mingw/bin/gcc.exe
 +  $ gcc --version
 +  gcc.exe (GCC) 3.4.5 (mingw-vista special r3)
 +  Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 +  This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
 +  warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
   $ cat >hello.c   $ cat >hello.c
   #include <stdio.h>   #include <stdio.h>
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   $ which g++   $ which g++
   /mingw/bin/g++.exe   /mingw/bin/g++.exe
 +  $ g++ --version
 +  g++.exe (GCC) 3.4.5 (mingw-vista special r3)
 +  Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
 +  This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
 +  warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
   $ cat >hello.cc   $ cat >hello.cc
   #include <iostream>   #include <iostream>
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   Hello, C++ world!   Hello, C++ world!
  
-And Fortran 90:+And Fortran 77:
  
-  $ which gfortran +  $ which g77 
-  /mingw/bin/gfortran.exe +  /mingw/bin/g77.exe 
-  $ cat >hello.f90 +  $ g77 --version 
-  PROGRAM HelloWorld +  GNU Fortran (GCC) 3.4.5 (mingw-vista special r3) 
-      PRINT *, "Hello, Fortran world!" +  Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc. 
-  END PROGRAM HelloWorld+   
 +  GNU Fortran comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law. 
 +  You may redistribute copies of GNU Fortran 
 +  under the terms of the GNU General Public License. 
 +  For more information about these matters, see the file named COPYING 
 +  or type the command `info -f g77 Copying'. 
 +  $ cat >hello.f 
 +        PROGRAM HELLOW 
 +        WRITE(UNIT=*, FMT=*) 'Hello, Fortran world!' 
 +        END
   ^D   ^D
-  $ gfortran -o hello hello.f90+  $ g77 -o hello hello.f
   $ ./hello.exe    $ ./hello.exe 
    Hello, Fortran world!    Hello, Fortran world!
  
-===== Additional Unix-like utilities =====+===== lex & yacc ===== 
 + 
 +Or rather, in our brave GNU world, flex and bison.  There is a problem here: you can't use the MSYS versions, because they're not just build tools&mdash;bison includes a runtime library (''liby'').  Hence we need native versions of both tools.  We can get those from [[http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32|GnuWin32]]. 
 + 
 +Download the following files from http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32/files/: 
 + 
 +  * the ''bin'', ''lib'' and ''dep'' zipfiles for the latest bison release (the ''dep'' zipfile contains a few libraries that bison needs, so you won't have to install them separately) 
 +  * the ''bin'' and ''lib'' zipfiles for the latest flex release 
 + 
 +For some unfathomable reason, both the flex and bison ''lib'' zipfiles contain incorrect copies of ''<unistd.h>''.  Either make a backup copy of ''/MinGW/include/unistd.h'' before you unpack them, or tell ''unzip'' (or ''bsdtar'') not to overwrite existing files: 
 + 
 +  $ tar -kxf bison-2.4.1-lib.zip -C /MinGW 
 + 
 +This will install a shell script called ''/MinGW/bin/yacc'' which incorrectly redirects to ''c:/progra~1/bison/bin/bison''.  Edit it so the entire script looks like this:
  
-You may want to install other programs, such as vim (http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MSYS vim/vim-7.2-1/).+  #! /bin/sh 
 +  exec /mingw/bin/bison -y "$@"
  
 ===== WiX ===== ===== WiX =====
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