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--- diana:windows:building:environment [2009-11-09 14:46:29]
dages
+++ diana:windows:building:environment [2022-05-31 09:29:31] (current)
@@ Line 1: / Line 1: @@
 ====== Setting up the build environment on Windows ======
-Assuming Windows XP 32.
+Assuming Windows XP 32.  We will use MinGW to build the libraries and application and MSYS as a working environment.
-===== Stuff you'll need =====
+The distinction between MinGW and MSYS is very important: MinGW is a set of compilers and libraries you use to build Windows applications, while MSYS is an emulated GNU environment similar to (and, in fact, based on) Cygwin.  You can //not// use MSYS libraries in your Windows application.  This means that you will sometimes have two copies of a particular library: an MSYS version used by MSYS tools, and a native version built with MinGW and used by MinGW tools and / or your application.
-==== A Subversion client ====
+===== Directories =====
+We will install MinGW into ''C:\MinGW'' and MSYS into ''C:\MSYS''.
+MSYS maps Unix-like paths to Windows paths: ''/'' translates to ''C:\MSYS'' and ''/mingw'' translates to ''C:\MinGW''.  In addition, all Windows drives will show up as ''/x'', where ''x'' corresponds to the drive letter, so ''/c/windows'' translates to ''C:\windows'', etc.
+We will install our libraries and applications into ''C:\met.no''.  You should start by creating that directory and the required subdirectories:
+  C:\> mkdir met.no
+  C:\> mkdir met.no\bin
+  C:\> mkdir met.no\include
+  C:\> mkdir met.no\lib
+  C:\> mkdir met.no\share
+  C:\> mkdir met.no\copyright
+===== Subversion =====
 Doesn't really matter which one.  Certified binaries of The Real McCoy are available at http://www.collab.net/downloads/subversion/ (command-line only) if you have an account (or are willing to register).  There are other (non-certified) sources such as SlikSVN (http://www.sliksvn.com/en/download, command-line only) and TortoiseSVN (http://tortoisesvn.net/downloads, with Windows Explorer integration, which is really neat).
-==== MinGW ====
+===== MinGW =====
+Download and the latest automated installer from http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Automated%20MinGW%20Installer/ and run it.  Ask for the //current// version (not //previous// or //candidate//).  Select these components //and these components only//: base tools, g++ compiler, g77 compiler.
+As of 2009-11-20, the current MinGW version is 5.1.6, which includes GCC 3.4.5.
+//tip: move the installer into an empty directory before starting it; it will download all the MinGW distribution files into that directory.//
+At this point, you may want to download bsdtar from http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MinGW%20Utilities/basic%20bsdtar/bsdtar-2.7.900a_r1628-20091110/ and install ''bsdtar.exe'' as ''/mingw/bin/tar''.  It supports a wider range of archive formats and compression algorithms than GNU tar, and automatically detects which one to use.
+You may want to install InfoZip's ''zip'' utility as well, since ''bsdtar'' can //extract// zip files but not //create// them: download the source code from http://sourceforge.net/projects/infozip/files/, extract it, and run the following commands in the source directory:
+  $ make -f win32/makefile.gcc
+  $ cp zip.exe /mingw/bin
+===== MSYS =====
+Download the MSYS installer from
+http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MSYS%20Base%20System/ and run it (you will need administrator privileges).  Accept the default answer to all questions.
+As of 2009-11-20, the latest MSYS version is 1.0.11.
+===== Testing the toolchain =====
+Let's see if our C compiler works:
+  $ which gcc
+  /mingw/bin/gcc.exe
+  $ gcc --version
+  gcc.exe (GCC) 3.4.5 (mingw-vista special r3)
+  Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
+  warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+  $ cat >hello.c
+  #include <stdio.h>
+  int main(void) { printf("Hello, C world!\n"); return 0; }
+  ^D
+  $ gcc -o hello hello.c
+  $ ./hello.exe
+  Hello, C world!
+And C++:
+  $ which g++
+  /mingw/bin/g++.exe
+  $ g++ --version
+  g++.exe (GCC) 3.4.5 (mingw-vista special r3)
+  Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  This is free software; see the source for copying conditions.  There is NO
+  warranty; not even for MERCHANTABILITY or FITNESS FOR A PARTICULAR PURPOSE.
+  $ cat >hello.cc
+  #include <iostream>
+  int main() { std::cout << "Hello, C++ world!" << std::endl; return 0; }
+  ^D
+  $ g++ -o hello hello.cc
+  $ ./hello.exe
+  Hello, C++ world!
+And Fortran 77:
+  $ which g77
+  /mingw/bin/g77.exe
+  $ g77 --version
+  GNU Fortran (GCC) 3.4.5 (mingw-vista special r3)
+  Copyright (C) 2004 Free Software Foundation, Inc.
+  GNU Fortran comes with NO WARRANTY, to the extent permitted by law.
+  You may redistribute copies of GNU Fortran
+  under the terms of the GNU General Public License.
+  For more information about these matters, see the file named COPYING
+  or type the command `info -f g77 Copying'.
+  $ cat >hello.f
+        PROGRAM HELLOW
+        WRITE(UNIT=*, FMT=*) 'Hello, Fortran world!'
+        END
+  ^D
+  $ g77 -o hello hello.f
+  $ ./hello.exe
+   Hello, Fortran world!
+===== lex & yacc =====
+Or rather, in our brave GNU world, flex and bison.  There is a problem here: you can't use the MSYS versions, because they're not just build tools&mdash;bison includes a runtime library (''liby'').  Hence we need native versions of both tools.  We can get those from [[http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32|GnuWin32]].
+Download the following files from http://sourceforge.net/projects/gnuwin32/files/:
-Not necessarily the latest and greatest.  Get the automated installer from http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/Automated%20MinGW%20Installer/ and remember to ask for g++ and g77, but do //not// ask for make; we'll use MSYS's make instead.  Remember where you installed MinGW.
+  * the ''bin'', ''lib'' and ''dep'' zipfiles for the latest bison release (the ''dep'' zipfile contains a few libraries that bison needs, so you won't have to install them separately)
+  * the ''bin'' and ''lib'' zipfiles for the latest flex release
-==== MSYS ====
+For some unfathomable reason, both the flex and bison ''lib'' zipfiles contain incorrect copies of ''<unistd.h>''.  Either make a backup copy of ''/MinGW/include/unistd.h'' before you unpack them, or tell ''unzip'' (or ''bsdtar'') not to overwrite existing files:
-Includes bash, make, autotools etc.
+  $ tar -kxf bison-2.4.1-lib.zip -C /MinGW
-Download the latest version of the MSYS Base System from http://sourceforge.net/projects/mingw/files/MSYS%20Base%20System/ and run it.  At some point, it will ask you where you installed MinGW, and I'm betting you won't even think twice before ratting it out.
+This will install a shell script called ''/MinGW/bin/yacc'' which incorrectly redirects to ''c:/progra~1/bison/bin/bison''.  Edit it so the entire script looks like this:
-Now that MSYS is installed, you can start the "MSYS (rxvt)" shortcut it installed, and it'll be almost like you were home on the Unix farm.
+  #! /bin/sh
+  exec /mingw/bin/bison -y "$@"
-==== WiX ====
+===== WiX =====
 Microsoft's tool for creating installation packages: http://sourceforge.net/projects/wix/files/.  Ironically, it does //not// come with its own installer.