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emep:emep_volcano_plume [2011-01-26 16:48:13] alvarov re-format |
— (current) |
====== Eyjafjallajokull eruption ====== | |
===== Model simulation ===== | |
[[#results|{{:emep:ppm10_5km_20100510_2010051112.png|May 10th forecast for May 11th at 12:00 UTC}}]] | |
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==== Model set-up ==== | |
The version of the [[http://www.emep.int/OpenSource/index.html|Unified EMEP model]] | |
correspond to ''rv3_5_21'' on ''FORECAST'' mode. | |
The simulation was set up as chain of 6 day forecasts, | |
driven by ''ECMWF'' meteorology ([[http://www.ecmwf.int/research/ifsdocs/|IFS]], [[http://www.ecmwf.int/products/data/operational_system/|operational]] 00 ''UTC'' forecast). | |
The simulation domain covers only ''[25W--35E]x[36N--75N]'' with a ''0.2x0.2'' resolution. | |
The full extended model domain extends down to ''31N'', but the simulation goes only down to ''36N''. | |
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==== Meteorology ==== | |
The fields retrieved for the full extended forecast domain ''[25W--35E]x[31N--75N]'', | |
from [[http://www.ecmwf.int/services/archive/|MARS]] include: | |
^ [[http://www.ecmwf.int/products/data/technical/model_levels/model_def_91.html|Levels]] (η=hibrid) ^ Resolution ^ [[http://www.ecmwf.int/services/archive/d/parameters/order=grib_parameter/table=128/|Variables]] ^ | |
| srf. | ''0.2x0.2'' | ''sshf'' ''slhf'' ''msl'' ''2t'' ''ewss'' ''nsss'' ''lsp'' ''cp'' ''ci'' ''sd'' ''swvl1'' | | |
| η91---η88 | ''0.2x0.2'' | ''u'' ''v'' ''w'' ''t'' ''q'' ''cc'' | | |
| η87---η38 | ''0.8x0.8'' | ''u'' ''v'' ''w'' ''t'' ''q'' ''cc'' | | |
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==== Emission set-up ==== | |
Emission set-up for Forecasts and other experiments performed during the eruption. | |
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Maximum plume height comes from [[http://www.metoffice.gov.uk/aviation/vaac/|London VAAC reports]]. | |
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Emission rates of PM10 and PM2.5 interpreted from [[http://www2.norvol.hi.is/Apps/WebObjects/HI.woa/swdocument/1015805/Report+on+14+April+Eyjafjoll+eruption+%C3%9E%C3%9E+GL+AH.pdf|PDF]] | |
and discussion with Ármann Höskuldsson (University of Iceland). | |
Emission rates for the 14-16 are towards the higher end of the | |
observed mean total ash emissions from the 14-16 and the 17-19 are | |
from the low end of the observed mean total ash emissions from the | |
14-16 because emissions were reported to have decreased after the | |
first three days. For the 20 it is lower because of reports that there | |
is now less ash in the plume. | |
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Emission rates of SO2 for the 15 are based on [[http://sites.google.com/site/iavceirscweb/eruptions/eyja|OMI SO2]]. | |
The SO2 then decreases through the 18th consistent with reports of weaker plumes | |
and OMI not observing new puffs clearly and then increases on the | |
19th. The SO2 values except for on the 15th are not based on total OMI | |
observed SO2, rather they are intended to represent trends in the SO2 | |
emissions. | |
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=== Eruption emission parameters === | |
^ ^ PM10 [kg/s] ^ PM2.5 [kg/s] ^ SO2 [kg/s] ^ height [km] ^ | |
| 2010-04-14 | 1E3 | 2.8E2 | 15 | 8 | | |
| 2010-04-15 | 5E3 | 1.4E3 | 46 | 7 | | |
| 2010-04-16 | 5E3 | 1.4E3 | 15 | 7 | | |
| 2010-04-17 | 9E3 | 2.5E3 | 10 | 7 | | |
| 2010-04-18 | 2E3 | 5.6E2 | 10 | 5 | | |
| 2010-04-19 | 7E3 | 2.0E3 | 20 | 5 | | |
| 2010-04-20 | 3E2 | 8.4E1 | 15 | 4 | | |
| 2010-04-21---2010-04-29 | 3E2 | 8.4E1 | 15 | 3 | | |
| 2010-04-30---2010-05-02 | 3E2 | 8.4E1 | 15 | 4 | | |
| 2010-05-03---2010-05-04 | 2E3 | 5.6E2 | 15 | 5 | | |
| 2010-05-05 | 2E3 | 5.6E2 | 70 | 5 | | |
| 2010-05-06---2010-05-20 | 2E3 | 5.6E2 | 70 | 6 | | |
| 2010-05-21 | 1E2 | 2.8E1 | 5 | 3 | | |
| 2010-05-22 | 1E2 | 2.8E1 | 2 | 3 | | |
| 2010-05-23 | 0 | 0 | 1 | 2 | | |
| 2010-05-24---today | 0 | 0 | 0 | 0 | | |
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=== Implementation details === | |
== Emissions == | |
* Volcanic eruption emission are hard-coded into the model. | |
* The eruption started on 2010-04-14 at 00 ''UTC'' and continues trough the simulation. | |
* Emissions are treated as a vertical line source. | |
* Emission rates for each day are assumed constant trough the column height. | |
* Ash emissions are treated in the model as primary ''PM'' emissions. | |
* In order to model only the volcanic plume **only ash emissions** are taken into account as primary ''PM'' emissions, i.e. all other primary ''PM'' emissions are neglected. | |
* Primary fine ''PM'' (''PPM25'') emission rates are set accordingly to ''PM2.5'' [[#eruption_emission_parameters|eruption parameters]]. | |
* Primary coearse ''PM'' (''PPMCO'') emission rates are derived from ''PM10''-''PM2.5'' [[#eruption_emission_parameters|eruption parameters]]. | |
* Volcanic ''SO2'' emissions are added to the [[http://www.emep.int/OpenSource/UniEMEPopenSource_input.html#emissions|standard model emissions]]. | |
* [[http://www.emep.int/OpenSource/UniEMEPopenSource_input.html#emissions|Standard model emissions]] are set accordingly to the TNO-MACC-1 emission dataset. | |
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== Additional output == | |
* Under several assumptions, the aerosol optical depth (''AOD'') can be estimated from the fine and coarse ''PM'' columns. In order to provide a simple comparison to satellite ''AOD'' observations, the partial contribution of the volcanic particles was calculated (''P-AOD'') from the primary fine and coarse columns. | |
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== Simulation == | |
* The simulations are run on [[http://hpc.uio.no/|titan (UiO)]] on 8x2 processors. | |
* The driving bash and perl scripts at: | |
* titan:~alvarov/Unify/run/cwf_ext-2010.sh | |
* titan:~alvarov/Unify/run/modrun.rv3.CWF-EXT.pl | |
* Source and meteorology files are located at: | |
* titan:~alvarov/Unify/Unimod.rv3_5_21.CWF-EXT/ | |
* titan:/data3/metno/emep/Data/FORECAST/metdata/ | |
* 2010/meteo-ext201004??_??.nc ([[emep/emep_met_files|EMEP Format]]) | |
* 2010_ECMWF/cwf-ext_*_f201004??.nc ([[#meteorology|retrieved from MARS]]) | |
* The raw output and images is located at: | |
* titan:~alvarov/CWF/output.rv3.CWF-EXT.2010 | |
* titan:~alvarov/CWF/output.rv3.CWF-EXT.2010/www/images | |
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==== Results ==== | |
The latest images (''*.png'') and animations (''*.mpg'') for each forecast day can be found [[ftp://ftp.met.no/projects/emep/Eyjafjallajokull/|in the institute ftp server]]. | |
* All images for a given forecast (or hindcast) are collected in one single zip file, e.g. ''20100414.zip'' contains all images for the forecast starting on April 14th. | |
* Each forecast lasts 6 days, starting at 00 ''UTC'' (145 hourly records). | |
* If emissions estimates improve, past forecast will be re-run (hindcast) and the previous files updated. Zip files for a hindcast include images only for that day (25 hourly records). | |
* For consistency, zip files are updated when the graphic layout changes or when additional variables are plotted. | |
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* Hourly images are named according to the following convention: ''var_lev_fsdate_date.png'', where: | |
* ''var'' is the variable name (e.g. ''ppm25'' for fine volcanic particles): | |
* ''lev'' is the level (e.g. ''tcol'' for total column); | |
* ''fsdate'' is the forecast start date (in ''YYYYMMDD'' format); | |
* ''date'' is the forecasted date and hour (in ''YYYYMMDDHH'' format); | |
* Animations for the whole period are named ''var_lev_fsdate.mpg''. | |
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^ Variable ^^ Model Levels ^^ Trop. column ^ | |
^ ^^ ''1km'' ^ ''5km'' ^ ''tcol'' ^ | |
| ''ppm25'' | fine volcanic particulate matter | μg/m3 | μg/m3 | μg/m2 | | |
| ''ppm10'' | fine+coarse volcanic particulate matter | μg/m3 | μg/m3 | μg/m2 | | |
| ''so2'' | sulfur dioxide | | | du ([[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Dobson_unit|Dobson units]]) | | |
| ''p-aod'' | partial aerosol optical depth | | | unitless | | |
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===== Additional resources ===== | |
==== Satellite observations ==== | |
* GOME-2, SCIAMACHY & OMI [[http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt/index.php?Year=2010&Month=04&Day=15&Region=106|SO2 column]] | |
* MODIS [[http://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/browse_images/l3_browser.html|AOD]] | |
* SEVIRI [[http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/goes_r/proving-ground/geocat_ash/loops/iceland.html|ASH]] last 12 hours | |
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^ Date ^^ SO2 column ^^^ MODIS AOD ^^ | |
^ %F ^ %j ^ GOME-2 ^ SCIAMACHY ^ OMI ^ Terra ^ Aqua ^ | |
^ 2010-04-14 ^ 104 ^ ^ [[http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt/SciaNrt/2010/04.orb/14/scia_20100414.zip|zip]] ^ [[ftp://aurapar2u.ecs.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/Aura_OMI_Level2/OMSO2.003/2010/104|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MOD04_L2/2010/104|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MYD04_L2/2010/104|ftp]] ^ | |
^ 2010-04-15 ^ 105 ^ ^ [[http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt/SciaNrt/2010/04.orb/15/scia_20100415.zip|zip]] ^ [[ftp://aurapar2u.ecs.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/Aura_OMI_Level2/OMSO2.003/2010/105|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MOD04_L2/2010/105|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MYD04_L2/2010/105|ftp]] ^ | |
^ 2010-04-16 ^ 106 ^ ^ [[http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt/SciaNrt/2010/04.orb/16/scia_20100416.zip|zip]] ^ [[ftp://aurapar2u.ecs.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/Aura_OMI_Level2/OMSO2.003/2010/106|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MOD04_L2/2010/106|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MYD04_L2/2010/106|ftp]] ^ | |
^ 2010-04-17 ^ 107 ^ ^ [[http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt/SciaNrt/2010/04.orb/17/scia_20100417.zip|zip]] ^ [[ftp://aurapar2u.ecs.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/Aura_OMI_Level2/OMSO2.003/2010/107|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MOD04_L2/2010/107|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MYD04_L2/2010/107|ftp]] ^ | |
^ 2010-04-18 ^ 108 ^ ^ [[http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt/SciaNrt/2010/04.orb/18/scia_20100418.zip|zip]] ^ [[ftp://aurapar2u.ecs.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/Aura_OMI_Level2/OMSO2.003/2010/108|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MOD04_L2/2010/108|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MYD04_L2/2010/108|ftp]] ^ | |
^ 2010-04-19 ^ 109 ^ ^ [[http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt/SciaNrt/2010/04.orb/19/scia_20100419.zip|zip]] ^ [[ftp://aurapar2u.ecs.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/Aura_OMI_Level2/OMSO2.003/2010/109|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MOD04_L2/2010/109|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MYD04_L2/2010/109|ftp]] ^ | |
^ 2010-04-20 ^ 110 ^ ^ [[http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt/SciaNrt/2010/04.orb/20/scia_20100420.zip|zip]] ^ [[ftp://aurapar2u.ecs.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/Aura_OMI_Level2/OMSO2.003/2010/110|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MOD04_L2/2010/110|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MYD04_L2/2010/110|ftp]] ^ | |
^ 2010-04-21 ^ 111 ^ ^ [[http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt/SciaNrt/2010/04.orb/21/scia_20100421.zip|zip]] ^ [[ftp://aurapar2u.ecs.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/Aura_OMI_Level2/OMSO2.003/2010/111|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MOD04_L2/2010/111|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MYD04_L2/2010/111|ftp]] ^ | |
^ 2010-04-22 ^ 112 ^ ^ [[http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt/SciaNrt/2010/04.orb/21/scia_20100422.zip|zip]] ^ [[ftp://aurapar2u.ecs.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/Aura_OMI_Level2/OMSO2.003/2010/112|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MOD04_L2/2010/112|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MYD04_L2/2010/112|ftp]] ^ | |
^ 2010-04-23 ^ 113 ^ ^ [[http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt/SciaNrt/2010/04.orb/21/scia_20100423.zip|zip]] ^ [[ftp://aurapar2u.ecs.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/Aura_OMI_Level2/OMSO2.003/2010/113|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MOD04_L2/2010/113|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MYD04_L2/2010/113|ftp]] ^ | |
^ 2010-04-24 ^ 114 ^ ^ [[http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt/SciaNrt/2010/04.orb/21/scia_20100424.zip|zip]] ^ [[ftp://aurapar2u.ecs.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/Aura_OMI_Level2/OMSO2.003/2010/114|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MOD04_L2/2010/114|ftp]] ^ ^ | |
^ 2010-04-25 ^ 115 ^ ^ [[http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt/SciaNrt/2010/04.orb/21/scia_20100425.zip|zip]] ^ [[ftp://aurapar2u.ecs.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/Aura_OMI_Level2/OMSO2.003/2010/115|ftp]] ^ [[ftp://ladsweb.nascom.nasa.gov/allData/51/MOD04_L2/2010/115|ftp]] ^ ^ | |
^ 2010-04-26 ^ 116 ^ ^ [[http://sacs.aeronomie.be/nrt/SciaNrt/2010/04.orb/21/scia_20100426.zip|zip]] ^ [[ftp://aurapar2u.ecs.nasa.gov/data/s4pa/Aura_OMI_Level2/OMSO2.003/2010/116|ftp]] ^ ^ ^ | |
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==== Other model simulations ==== | |
* SNAP [[http://met.no/animasjon.html|ash dispersion]] | |
* MACC [[http://www.gmes-atmosphere.eu/news/volcanic_ash/background/|SO2 column]] | |
* EURAD [[http://db.eurad.uni-koeln.de/index.html?/prognose/|PM10]] | |
* Fall3D [[http://www.bsc.es/projects/earthscience/nube2010/|ash dispersion]] | |
* NERI [[http://www.dmu.dk/International/Air/Models/volcanicplume/]] | |
* Flexpart [[http://transport.nilu.no/products/eyjafjallajokull|passive tracer and ash]] | |
* Puff [[http://puff.images.alaska.edu/watch_Eyjafjoll.shtml]] | |
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==== Other ==== | |
* Time-line [[http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/2010_eruptions_of_Eyjafjallajökull#Timeline_of_the_second_eruption_phase|wikipedia]] | |
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===== Follow up work ===== | |
==== ENSEMBLE runs ==== | |
===Model set-up=== | |
===Meteorology=== | |
* Domain: [32°N--76°N]×[28°W--36°E] on 0.2° resolution | |
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===Emission set-up=== | |
* Emissions are distributed linearly from 1670 m (vent height) to Eruption height in Experiment Tables. | |
* Emissions are divided into the size bins as in [[#size_bins|Size Bins Table]]. | |
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==Experiment 0050-001== | |
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^Eruption Height [m asl] ^ Source Strength [10<sup>6</sup> g/s] ^ Start Time [UTC] ^ Stop Time [UTC] ^ | |
| 8500|0.1667 |2010-04-14 06:00|2010-04-18 06:00| | |
| 5000|0.01667 |2010-04-18 06:00|2010-04-18 18:00| | |
| 3048|0.001667 |2010-04-18 18:00|2010-04-18 09:00| | |
| 4572|0.01667 |2010-04-19 09:00|2010-04-21 00:00| | |
| 4572|0.001667 |2010-04-21 00:00|2010-02-05 06:00| | |
| 4572|0.008335 |2010-05-02 06:00|2010-05-04 06:00| | |
| 6000|0.01667 |2010-05-04 06:00|2010-05-05 17:00| | |
| 8000|0.1667 |2010-05-05 17:00|2010-05-05 18:30| | |
|10000|1.667 |2010-05-05 18:30|2010-05-06 21:00| | |
| 7000|0.08335 |2010-05-06 21:00|2010-05-09 00:00| | |
| 5500|0.01667 |2010-05-09 00:00|2010-05-12 21:00| | |
| 6000|0.01667 |2010-05-12 21:00|2010-05-13 12:00| | |
| 6500|0.01667 |2010-05-13 12:00|2010-05-13 18:00| | |
| 9000|0.1667 |2010-05-13 18:00|2010-05-14 07:00| | |
| 7000|0.1667 |2010-05-14 07:00|2010-05-14 21:00| | |
| 6500|0.1667 |2010-05-14 21:00|2010-05-21 06:00| | |
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=== Size bins === | |
The mass mean diameter and % of ash in size bin data comes from measurements made using laser by Throstur Thorsteinsson (ThrosturTh@gmail.com), Institute of Earth Sciences, University of Iceland. Measurements were made on 15, 17, 18 April and 6-7 May. We are using the average of these four measurement days. The density of the ash particles is a measurement of the bulk ash made by Throstur. The sigma values are the same as what was using in the model previously, just applied to the new size bins. | |
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^ [um] ^ mass mean diam [um] ^ % of ash in range 0-10 um in bin ^ sigma ^ density [kg/m3] ^ | |
| 0-1 | 0.9 | 22.0 | 1.8 | 2750 | | |
| 1-4 | 3.0 | 29.8 | 1.8 | 2750 | | |
| 4-10 | 7.1 | 48.1 | 2.0 | 2750 | | |
| 0-2.5 | 1.3 | 32.3 | 1.8 | 2750 | | |
| 2.5-10 | 6.0 | 67.7 | 2.0 | 2750 | | |
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===Output=== | |
* Domain: [30°N--75°N]×[30°W--45°E] on 0.25° resolution | |
* Period: between 2005-04-14 06:00 and 2005-04-21:06:00 (1 week) on 1 h resolution. | |
* Levels for concentrations: 0, 100, 500, 1000, 2500, 4000, 6000, 8000, 10000, 12000 m of height | |
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^Variable ^ Output type ^^^^ | |
^ ^ Concentration ^ Dry deposition ^ Wet deposition ^ Trop. Column ^ | |
|ash < 1 μm | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | | | |
|ash 1--4 μm | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | | | |
|ash 4--10 μm | ✔ | ✔ | ✔ | | | |
|SO<sub>2</sub>| ✔ | ✔ | | | | |
|passive tracer| ✔ | | | | | |
|AOD @ 350 nm | | | | ✔ | | |
|AOD @ 500 nm | | | | ✔ | | |
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